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翻译#60 millwood 的帖子
QUOTE 原帖由millwood发表于 2008-5-31 03:00
"盲听在于排除心理因素的干扰,排除了先入之见结果更接近真实的听音感受。
科研试验是一定要采用“双盲”的原则,这是全世界科技界公认的。"
that's absolutely true. the study on "placebo effect" is just picking up right now and a lot of interesting things have come out of it. just a few examples:
a) there is a million dollar challenge to anyone who can tell, in a double-blind test, a reference amp from any of your amps, including low-performance car amps. The challenge has been in existence for at least 10 years and no one has been able to take it.
b) in drug testing, 80% of the FDA-approved drugs are LESS effective than sugar pills.
c) in a recent study, almost all hotel maids lost weight AFTER being told that their workload was harder than exercise, against their control group.
d) in another recent study, patients who did not receive acupunture but was told otherwise reported overwhelming improvement from their "fake" acupunture sessions.
e) in a study done in the 1980s, a group of musicians who swore that they could tell tube amps from solid state amps failed a double blind test. The only person who could consistently pick a tube amp from a solid state amp did so by listening to the excessive hum in the tube amp.
f) Bob Carver, who designed Phase Liner, Carver and Sunfire hi-fi amps, challenged the hi-fi establishment in the 1980s by stating that he could mod his amps to sound like any hi-fi amp. the whole experience, called the "Great Hi-Fi challenge" was done in the 1980s. Carver first replicated the sound of ML-2 for Audio Critic (a high-end audio mag back then), and no Audio Critic editors could tell them apart. Carver then replicated the sound of a Conrad-Johnson (then sold for over $20K, in 1985), in less than two days, and without opening up his own amp, for Stereophile (an audio mag). No Stereophile editors could tell the $500 Carver (solid state) amps from $20K Conrad-Johnson (a tube amp).
g) my own experience suggests that 1) in a controlled environment and assuming the amps are working within their own performance envelope, it is next to impossible to tell two reasonably good amps apart; b) it is extremely easy to tell two speakers apart.
Considering that speakers routinely distort 10%, and amps in the less than 1% territory, it is not difficult to understand why that's the case.
那绝对是事实,在对“安慰剂效果”的研究现在已经被认识和大量有趣的事情由此而产生,随便举几个例子:
a) 有一个百万美元的挑战,谁能够在双盲实验中说出试验机和你的功放,包括低性能的汽车功放的差别,便可以获得这奖金。这挑战已经存在10年仍然无人能获得。
b) 在药物试验,80%的FDA核准的药物绝不比糖丸有效。
c) 在新近的研究,几乎所有旅店服务员在被告知他/她们的工作量大于运动员一段时间后都大量丧失体重,对照组则没有此现象。
d) 在另一个新近的研究,没有真的进行针灸但告知他/她们别的报道的针灸良好效果,结果假的针灸也获得一样的效果。
e) 在一个1980年代的研究,一组音乐家,他/她们发誓说能够分辨胆功放和石功放,结果败于双盲试验。仅仅一人依靠胆机较多的嗡嗡声始终能够把胆机从石机中分辨出来。
f) Bob Carver,设计相位线性器,Carver和SunfireHi-Fi放大器的设计师,挑战1980年代的Hi-Fi机构,他宣称他能够仿制出任何Hi-Fi放大器的声音的机器,这全部经历叫做“伟大的Hi-Fi挑战”,
在1980年代被完成。Carver首先复制ML-2给Audio Critic(一个Hi-end音响杂志),结果没有一位Audio Critic的编辑能够分辨出原机和仿制机。Carver接着仿制Conrad-Johnson(当是卖价超过20000美元,在1985年),试听两天,不打开盖给Stereophile(一个音响杂志)编辑看他自己的放大器,没有一个Stereophile的编辑能够分辨出500美元的Varver(石机)放大器和价值超过20000美元的Conrad-Johnson(胆机)放大器。
g) 我自己的经验提示:1) 在一个盲听的情况下对于所给定的封装在机壳里的放大器很难说出哪一个好。2) 而在盲听的情况下很容易说出音箱之间的差别。
喇叭的失真常常在10%左右,而放大器的失真小于1%,这就不难理解为什么会发生这些事情。 |
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