你的声卡是不是怎么弄都不出声？一个ECHO官方给出的解释——中断设置！

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今天在看ECHO MIA的一个使用手册，这些问题我也遇到过，别的声卡有类似问题都可以尝试解决，以前自己就是这样解决的，希望能对大家有些帮助
原文和翻译都有！
Resolving Interrupt Conflicts

While Plug-and-Play is often called “Plug-and-Pray,” it actually works
quite well most of the time. We estimate that 95% of Mia installations will
go without a hitchthat Plug-and-Play will properly assign resources to
your card without any conflicts. The other 5% of you may experience
interrupt problems (mostly caused by non-Plug-and-Play ISA cards or PCI
cards that don’t like to share). These problems can manifest themselves by
causing your new Mia to not function properly; in some instances, devices
will fail that were previously working just fine.

If you are having problems with your computer after installing a new Mia
card (or if you are unable to successfully install the card at all), please read
the sections below describing what interrupts are, how they are assigned,
and how to work around interrupt conflicts. Hopefully, we’ll be able to help
you solve your problem without too much trouble.  

What is an Interrupt?

A computer has two ways of telling when a device, such as an audio card, is
ready to exchange data with a program. One way is to have the computer
periodically ask or “poll” the device to see if it’s ready to transfer new data.
Since it is important to do the transfer as soon as it is ready, the program
must poll the card quite often, which wastes the computer’s resources.

The other method is to have the card “interrupt” the program when it is
ready to transfer data. It does this by sending a signal over one of the many
interrupt wires connected to the slot into which it is plugged. X86 and
Pentium PC’s have 16 possible interrupts (0 to 15), five of which are
reserved by the motherboard for the keyboard, system timer, etc.

ISA and PCI Interrupts

There are two types of expansion connectors found on today’s computers.
The older style connectors are called ISA (for Industry Standard
Architecture) connectors. ISA connectors have 11 of the 16 PC interrupts

42
wired to them. Some ISA cards (also called “legacy” cards) have you select
which interrupt is used by configuring jumpers on the card. Newer Plug-and-Play ISA cards have their interrupts selected by either the computer’s
BIOS (the built-in program that starts the computer) or by Windows
95/98/Me.

The newer PCI (Peripheral Connect Interface) bus transfers data faster than
ISA and was designed to support Plug-and-Play from the start. PCI
connectors have only four interrupts wired to them (A, B, C, and D).
However, these interrupts can be shared by more than one PCI connector
slot and each connector’s interrupt can be assigned or “steered” to one of
the 11 available PC interrupts by either the BIOS or Windows 95/98/Me. As
far as the user is concerned, PCI interrupts use the same numbers and are
assigned the same way as Plug-and-Play ISA interrupts. Note, however, that
a PCI card can share an interrupt with another PCI card but not with an ISA
card.

Plug-and-Play and Interrupts

When your computer first starts up, the BIOS will check each connector slot
to see if a Plug-and-Play card is installed. Each Plug-and-Play card has built
into it a list of what resources it requires including how many interrupts it
needs and which ones it can use. The BIOS will then configure each card
and, if needed, assign an appropriate interrupt. It does this for both ISA and
PCI Plug-and-Play cards. Windows 95/98/Me will also check for and
configure Plug-and-Play cards, possibly changing some of the settings to
suit its needs.

Legacy Cards and Interrupt Conflicts

Problems can arise when the system contains older “legacy” ISA cards with
their jumper-configured (or possibly hard-wired) interrupts. The computer’s
BIOS and Windows 95/98/Me have no automatic way to detect these cards
and determine which interrupts, if any, are being used. For example, you
may have a MIDI card installed with its jumpers configured to use IRQ 9.
Since the BIOS cannot detect the legacy card it will consider IRQ 9 to be a
free interrupt. Consequently, it may assign IRQ 9 to Mia. The next time you

43
try and use your MIDI card or play back audio via Mia, neither device will
function properly.  

Or, maybe you have a SCSI card that had previously been assigned to IRQ
10. The BIOS may now decide to assign IRQ 10 to Mia, and move the SCSI
card to IRQ 9. An interrupt conflict now exists between the SCSI card and
the older MIDI card.

PCI Cards and Interrupt Conflicts

Some plug & play PCI cards can also cause interrupt conflicts when they try
to share an IRQ with another PCI card. Many PCI cards can share an IRQ
with no problems at all, but some just don’t like to share. For example, you
may have a network card installed, and Windows has it configured to use
IRQ 10. Since that is the only card assigned to IRQ 10, Windows assumes
that it is OK to let it share with the next PCI card that comes along.
Consequently, it may assign Mia to share IRQ 10. This network card
happens to be unfriendly and doesn’t like to share, so the next time you try
to use it or Mia, neither device will function properly.

Resolving Interrupt Conflicts

Although there is no way to automatically detect legacy interrupts,
Windows 95/98/Me and some BIOS’s allow you to reserve specific
interrupts for legacy use. Once an interrupt is reserved it will not be
assigned by Plug-and-Play to another card. Or, if you have a PCI card that
doesn’t like to share you may be able to reassign it to a different IRQ.

The first thing to do if you think you have an interrupt conflict is to
determine which interrupt and which card is causing the problem. To do
this, right-click on the My Computer icon on your desktop and select
Properties, or go to  Start – Settings – Control Panel  and double-click the
System icon. In the window that appears, select the  Device Manager  tab.
Now, highlight Computer, and click the  Properties button. A new window
will appear that lists all of the interrupts (IRQs) that Windows 95/98/Me
recognizes are in use and the cards or resources to which they are assigned.  

44
Write down the interrupts that are listed and the devices that are assigned to
them. Pay particular notice to the interrupt that Mia is assigned to.

Once you know which interrupt Mia is trying to use, you need to locate
which card is potentially causing the conflict. To do this you may need to
dig out the manuals for whatever ISA cards are installed and examine the
jumper settings to determine which interrupts, if any, are used. Hopefully, at
this point you will find an offending card that was not listed by  Device
Manager, but is using an interrupt that Windows has assigned to another
device. If you don’t have any ISA cards, or your legacy ISA card is not
causing the conflict, you should take note of which PCI card is assigned to
the same IRQ as Mia.

If you have lost your manuals and are having trouble figuring out which
card may be causing a problem, you can try the brute force approach.
Remove all cards from your system and then re-install them one at a time
until the system quits working. The card that makes the computer stop
working correctly will be the one that needs to be dealt with.

Once the offending card has been identified you have a few different
options. One option is to simply remove the card from your system.
However, you’ve likely got the card in there for a reason, so unless it’s an
old sound card you don’t care about keeping, you’ll probably want to use an
approach to remedying the problem that allows the card to remain in the
system.

If the offending card is a legacy ISA card, another option is to change the
IRQ on the card to an IRQ that isn’t currently being used as reported by the
Reporter program. While this may fix the problem at hand, the next time
you add another new Plug-and-Play card you may wind up with another
conflict. If you choose this option it is still a good idea to reserve the IRQ as
described below.

If the offending card is a PCI card, you may want to skip to the section on
“Reconfiguring an IRQ within Windows 95/98/Me - PCI” a few pages
down.


45
Reserving an IRQ within the BIOS – Legacy ISA

Other than removing the offending legacy card, the next most effective
method is to reserve the IRQ for legacy use within your BIOS. To do this
you will need to enter the BIOS configuration screen when your computer
first starts up. This is usually done by pressing the  Delete key or F1 key
right after the memory test during the boot-up routine. Once you’re in the
BIOS control panel, check to see if you are given the option of manually
configuring your interrupts. Some BIOS’s, such as those from Award, allow
you to choose between “Plug-and-Play” and “legacy ISA” for each interrupt.
If you select “legacy ISA” for the interrupt that is being used by your legacy
card, the BIOS will know not to assign that interrupt to a Plug-and-Play
card.  

Unfortunately, some BIOS’s don’t support this capability. If your BIOS is
one of those, don’t worry: You still have another option.

Reserving an IRQ within Windows 95/98/Me – Legacy ISA

Windows 95/98/Me also allows you to reserve interrupts for legacy use. In
most cases this works just as well as reserving the IRQ in the BIOS.
However, you may still have problems if you boot up an older version of
DOS from a floppy where Windows 95/98/Me can’t do its Plug-and-Play
magic. To reserve an IRQ within Windows 95/98/Me do the following:

1.  Click on the Start button and select  Control Panel  under the  Settings
option.
2.  Double click on the icon labeled  System.
3.  Select the tab labeled Device Manager  and click the  Properties button.
4.  Select the tab labeled Reserve Resources  and make sure that  Interrupt
Request is selected.  
5.  Click on the Add  button and enter the IRQ that is being used by your
legacy card.  
6.  Windows may prompt you that the IRQ is currently in use by another
device. Click on  Details  to see which device Windows currently thinks is
using this IRQ. It should be Mia or whatever device is currently
conflicting with your legacy card. If that is the case, go ahead and
reserve the IRQ.  

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7.  When Windows asks, reboot your machine. When Windows restarts your
Plug-and-Play cards will not be assigned to the reserved IRQ.  

Hopefully, your system will now be functioning properly. If not, please refer
to the “Contacting Customer Service” section of this manual. We’ll do our
best to help you solve your problem.  

Reconfiguring an IRQ within Windows 95/98/Me - PCI

Now that you have identified the offending card and the IRQ in contention,
you will want to try to reconfigure its IRQ setting. To do this, you must
open the Device Manager.  Select  Start – Settings – Control Panel  –
System, and click the  Device Manager  tab. Find the entry for the PCI card
that is causing the problem, highlight it, and click the  Properties button. In
the properties window that appears, select the  Resources tab. Make sure
that “Use automatic settings” is unchecked, highlight “Interrupt Request,”
and click the Change Setting button. Some cards will allow you to change
the IRQ setting at this point, while others will give you a message saying,
“This resource setting cannot be modified.”  If you are allowed to change
the IRQ, a window will appear that lets you choose from several different
values.  Scroll through the different values until you find one that says, “No
devices are conflicting.” Choose that one and keep selecting OK until
Device Manager is closed, then restart Windows.

If you are unable to reconfigure the IRQ and you have a free PCI slot, you
may want to try moving Mia or the offending card to a different slot.  Make
sure your computer is off first, and follow the safety instructions in this
manual for hardware installation.  Sometimes this can help, because
Windows will assign a different IRQ depending on which slot the PCI card
is in.

Hopefully, your system will now be functioning properly. If not, please refer
to the “Contacting Customer Service” section of this manual. We’ll do our
best to help you solve your problem.
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
google翻译了一下，凑合看看

解决中断冲突
 
虽然插件和播放通常被称为“插件和祈祷，”它确实可以工作
相当不错的大部分时间。我们估计，95％的米娅安装
顺利插件和播放会妥善分配资源
你的卡没有任何的冲突。其他5％，你可能会遇到
中断问题（主要是由非即插即用和播放ISA卡或PCI
不喜欢分享）卡。这些问题都可以表现自己
造成新的米娅不能正常工作，在某些情况下，设备
将失败之前工作就好了。
 
如果您有与您的电脑出现问题后，安装一个新的米娅
卡（或如果你是无法成功安装卡），请阅读“
下面的章节描述的中断，它们是如何被分配，
如何解决中断冲突。希望，我们将能够帮助
你解决问题，没有太多的麻烦。
 
什么是中断？
 
一台电脑有两种方式讲，当一个设备，如声卡，
准备进行数据交换程序。一种方式是有电脑
定期询问或“人头”，看它是否已经准备好新的数据传输设备。
由于重要的是尽快做转移，因为它是准备好了，程序
必须经常查询卡，浪费了计算机的资源。
 
另一种方法是有卡“中断”程序时，它是
准备好传输数据。它通过发送信号，其中的许多
打断电线连接到它插入到插槽。 X86和
奔腾电脑的有16种可能的中断（0至15），其中五个是
转载，键盘，主板的系统定时器等
 
ISA和PCI中断
 
今天的计算机上的扩展连接器有两种类型。
旧式连接器被称为ISA（工业标准
架构）连接器。 ISA连接有11个，16个PC中断
 
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有线。您选择某些ISA卡（也称为“遗产”卡）
通过配置卡上的跳线使用中断。较新的插件和播放ISA卡的中断无论是电脑的选择
BIOS（内置的程序，启动计算机）或由Windows
95/98/Me的。
 
新的PCI（外设连接接口）总线传输数据的速度比
ISA和从一开始就被设计为支持插件和播放。 PCI
连接器只有四个中断有线（A，B，C和D）。
然而，这些中断可以共享由一个以上的PCI连接器
槽和可以分配每个连接的中断或“转向”之一
11个可用的PC BIOS或Windows 95/98/Me的中断。如
就用户而言，PCI中断使用相同的数字和
插件和播放ISA中断分配相同的方式。注意，但是，该
另一个PCI卡，PCI卡，可以共享一个中断，但不与ISA
卡上。
 
插件和游戏和中断
 
当您的电脑第一次启动时，BIOS会检查每个连接器插槽
如果安装插件和播放卡。每个插件和播放卡已建成
到它的列表，它需要什么样的资源，包括多少中断
它可以使用的需要和哪些。然后BIOS会设定每张卡
和，如果需要，分配一个适当的中断。为此，它会为ISA和
PCI即插即用打牌。 Windows 95/98/Me中还将检查和
配置插件和播放卡，可能改变一些设置
适应其需要。
 
传统贺卡和中断冲突
 
当系统包含较老的“遗产”ISA卡，可能会出现问题
他们的跳线配置（或硬连线）中断。计算机的
BIOS和Windows 95/98/Me有没有自动的方法来检测这些卡
并确定正在使用中的中断，如果没有，。例如，您
可能有一个MIDI卡安装跳线配置为使用IRQ 9。
由于BIOS无法检测到旧卡，将考虑IRQ 9是一个
免费中断。因此，它可能会分配IRQ 9米娅。当您下一次
 
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尝试使用你的MIDI卡或播放音频通过米娅，既不设备
正常工作。
 
或者，也许你有一个SCSI卡，此前被分配到IRQ
10。 BIOS可能决定分配IRQ 10米亚，移动的SCSI
卡IRQ 9。 SCSI卡和中断冲突之间存在
旧的MIDI卡。
 
PCI卡和中断冲突
 
当他们尝试一些即插即用的PCI卡也可以引起中断冲突
另一个PCI卡共享一个IRQ。许多PCI卡可以共享一个IRQ
没有任何问题，但有的只是不喜欢分享。例如，您
可能安装有网卡，和Windows配置为使用
IRQ 10。由于这是唯一的网卡分配IRQ 10，Windows假定
它是确定，让它与未来的PCI卡，伴随份额。
因此，它可能会分配米娅共享I​​RQ 10。此网卡
恰好是不友好的，不喜欢分享，所以下一次你试试
使用它或米娅，无论是设备工作正常。
 
解决中断冲突
 
虽然目前还没有办法自动检测传统中断
Windows 95/98/Me的一些BIOS的允许您保留特定的
传统使用的中断。一旦中断被保留，它不会被
分配插件和播放到另一张卡。或者，如果你有一个PCI卡
不喜欢分享你也许可以将它重新分配给不同的IRQ。
 
要做的第一件事，如果你认为你有一个中断冲突
确定哪个中断卡引起的问题。要做到
这一点，右键点击桌面上的“我的电脑”图标，并选择
属性“，或去”开始“ - ”设置“ - ”控制面板“，双击
系统图标。在出现的窗口中，选择“设备管理器”选项卡。
现在，突出的电脑，然后单击“属性”按钮。一个新的窗口
会出现，其中列出了所有的中断（IRQ的）的Windows 95/98/Me
确认：在使用卡或资源分配给他们的。
 
44
写下所列出的中断和设备被分配到
它们。要特别通知，米娅被分配到的中断。
 
一旦你知道哪个中断米娅尝试使用，您需要找到
该卡可能导致冲突。要做到这一点，你可能需要
挖出手册安装任何ISA卡并检查
跳线设置，以确定哪些中断，如果有的话，使用。我们希望，在
这一点，你会发现设备未列出的违规卡
管理器，但使用Windows已经分配给另一个中断
设备。如果你没有任何ISA卡，或者你的ISA卡
导致冲突，你应该注意被分配给PCI卡
相同的IRQ米娅。
 
如果你已经失去了你的手册和有麻烦找出哪些
卡可能导致一个问题，你可以尝试蛮力的方法。
从您的系统中删除所有卡，然后再重新安装一次一个
直到系统停止工作。该卡，使计算机停止
正常工作将是一个需要被处理的。
 
一旦违规卡已被确定有几个不同的
选项​​。一种选择是简单地从系统中取出存储卡。
然而，你可能已经得到了卡在那里是有原因的，所以，除非它是一个
你不在乎保持老声卡，你可能会想使用一个
接近补救的问题，可以使存储卡留在
的系统。
 
如果违规卡是旧式的ISA卡，另一种选择是改变
所报告的IRQ卡上目前正在使用的IRQ
记者程序。虽然这可能会解决手头的问题，下一次
添加了另一个新的插件和播放卡，你可能结业与另一
发生冲突。如果你选择了这个选项，它仍然是一个好主意，保留IRQ
如下所述。
 
如果有问题的卡是PCI卡，你可能想跳过一节
在Windows 95/98/Me中的“重新配置IRQ - PCI”几页
下来。
 
 
45
保留IRQ BIOS内 - 传统赛
 
除删除违规的遗留卡，下一个最有效
方法是传统内使用您的BIOS预定的IRQ。要做到这一点
当你的计算机，你将需要进入BIOS配置屏幕
第一次启动。这通常是按Delete键或F1键
后在开机程序的内存测试。一旦你在
BIOS的控制面板，检查看，如果你选择手动
配置中断。有些BIOS，如那些奖，让
您可以选择“插件和播放”和“旧式的ISA”每个中断之间。
如果你选择了“Legacy ISA”中断，正在使用你的遗产
卡，BIOS会知道不分配中断的插件和播放
卡上。
 
不幸的是，一些BIOS不支持此功能。如果您的BIOS
其中之一，不用担心：你还有另一种选择。
 
在Windows 95/98/Me中保留一个IRQ - 传统赛
 
Windows 95/98/Me中还允许您保留传统使用的中断。在
大多数情况下，这种工作以及保留在BIOS中的IRQ。
但是，您可能仍然有问题，如果你启动了一个旧版本的
从软盘的DOS，Windows 95/98/Me的不能做的插件和播放
法宝。保留一个IRQ在Windows 95/98/Me中做到以下几点：
 
1。点击“开始”按钮，选择“控制面板”下的“设置”
选项​​。
2。双击系统图标。
3。选择标签的设备管理器“，然后单击”属性“按钮。
4。选择标签的后备资源，并确保中断
请求被选中。
5。点击“添加”按钮，并输入由您正在使用的IRQ
传统的卡。
6。 Windows可能会提示您的IRQ是目前使用中的另一个
设备。点击详情看哪个设备的Windows目前认为是
使用此IRQ。它应该是米娅或任何设备是目前
冲突与遗留卡。如果是这样的情况下，继续前进，
预定的IRQ。
 
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7。当Windows要求，重新启动计算机。当Windows重新启动
插件和播放卡将不被保留IRQ分配。
 
希望，你的系统将正常运行。如果不是，请参照
本手册的“联系客户服务”一节。我们会尽
所能来帮助你解决你的问题。
 
在Windows 95/98/Me的重新配置IRQ - PCI
 
现在你已经发现违规卡和IRQ争，
你会想尝试重新配置IRQ设置。要做到这一点，你必须
打开“设备管理器”。选择“开始” - “设置” - “控制面板” -
系统，然后单击“设备管理器”选项卡。查找条目的PCI卡
原因造成的问题，突出它，然后单击“属性”按钮。在
的属性窗口中，选择“资源”选项卡。确保
“使用自动设置”处于未选中状态，突出“中断请求，”
并单击“更改设置”按钮。有些卡将允许你改变
在这一点上的IRQ设置，而其他人会给你一个消息说，
“此资源设置不能被修改。”如果你允许改变
IRQ，会出现一个窗口，让你选择从几个不同的
值。翻阅不同的值，直到你找到一个说：“没有
设备是相互矛盾的。“选择之一，并保持选择”确定“，直到
关闭“设备管理器”，然后重新启动Windows。
 
如果您无法重新配置IRQ和你有一个空闲的PCI插槽，你
可能想尝试米娅或违规卡移动到一个不同的插槽。使
确保您的计算机处于关闭状态，并按照安全须知在本
硬件安装手册。有时，因为这可以帮助
根据PCI卡插槽，Windows将分配不同的IRQ
英寸
 
希望，你的系统将正常运行。如果不是，请参照
本手册的“联系客户服务”一节。我们会尽
所能来帮助你解决你的问题。